IMMUNOGENIC AND VACCINE COMPOSITIONS AND THEIR USE FOR IMMUNIZATION AGAINST MYCOPLASMA HYOPNEUMONIAE

专利摘要:
mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine The present invention provides an immunogenic composition including a soluble portion of a whole cell preparation of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (m. hyo), wherein the soluble portion of the m. hyo is substantially free of (i) igg and (ii) immune complexes, consisting of antigen bound to immunoglobulin.
公开号:BR112014024533B1
申请号:R112014024533-9
申请日:2013-04-03
公开日:2021-06-01
发明作者:Jeffrey E. Galvin；Gregory P. Nitzel；John Keith Garrett；James R. Kulawik Ii；Tracy L. Ricker；Megan Marie Smutzer
申请人:Zoetis Services Llc；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

FIELD OF TECHNIQUE
[001] The present invention relates to the bacterium Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae or M. hyo). More specifically, the invention relates to the soluble portion of an M. hyo whole cell preparation and its use in a vaccine to protect swine against enzootic pneumonia. FUNDAMENTALS OF THE INVENTION
[002] Enzootic pneumonia in pigs, also called mycoplasmic pneumonia, is caused by M. hyo. The disease has a chronic, non-fatal course and affects pigs of all ages. In infected pigs, the disease manifests itself only in mild symptoms of coughing and fever attacks, but its economic impact is significant in that it reduces feed conversion efficiency and weight gain. Enzootic pneumonia is transmitted by direct contact through the passage into the nasal cavities of organisms present in the expelled air from the lungs of infected pigs. Primary infection with M. hyo may be followed by secondary infection caused by another Mycoplasma species (Mycoplasma hyorhinise Mycoplasma flocculare) as well as other bacterial pathogens.
[003] M. hyo is a small prokaryotic microbe capable of living freely, although it is often found in association with eukaryotic cells due to its absolute requirements for steroids and exogenous fatty acids. These needs usually require that they grow in a medium containing serum. M. hyo is bounded by a cell membrane but not a cell wall.
[004] The physical association of mycoplasmas with the host cell surface is the basis for the development and persistence of enzootic pneumonia. M. hyo infects the respiratory tract of pigs, colonizing the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles. A factor that alters ciliary motility, produced by mycoplasma, causes the cilia lining the respiratory passages to stop touching. In the end, the cilia degenerate, leaving the pig prone to infection by secondary pathogens. Characteristic lesions of purple to gray areas of consolidation are seen in infected animals. Surveys of slaughtered animals revealed injuries in 30 to 80% of the pigs. Results obtained from 37 herds in 13 states indicated that 99% of these contained pigs with pneumonia lesions, typical of enzootic pneumonia. Therefore, the need for effective preventive measures and treatment is great.
[005] Antibiotics such as tiamulin, trimethoprim, tetracyclines and lincomycin bring some benefit, but their cost is high and require prolonged use. Additionally, antibiotics have not been shown to effectively eliminate M. hyo dissemination or reinfection. Prevention achieved by herds kept free of pathogens is sometimes possible, but reintroduction of M. hyo often occurs. The serious economic consequences of swine pneumonia have driven the search for vaccines against M. hyo. Vaccines including preparations of Mycoplasma organisms, grown in a serum-containing medium, have been marketed but raise concerns about adverse reactions induced by serum components (such as immune complexes or specific non-immunogenic proteins) present in the material used for immunization. Other attempts to provide vaccines against M. hyo have been successful, but the disease is still widespread.
[006] M. hyo and swine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) are the two most prevalent pathogens found in swine farming. Pigs infected with PCV2 exhibit a condition commonly called post-weaning multi-synthetic weaning syndrome (PMWS). The disease is clinically characterized by poor body condition, pale skin, poor general development, difficulty breathing, diarrhea and jaundice. In addition to this syndrome, PCV2 has been associated with several other infections including pseudorabies, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), Glasser's disease, streptococcal meningitis, salmonellosis, post-weaning colibacillosis, dietary hepatosis, and suppurative bronchopneumonia. M. hyo is associated with enzootic pneumonia and has been implicated as a major cofactor in the development of porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD).
[007] Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is caused by an arterivirus that has a particular affinity for macrophages, especially those found in the lung (alveolar macrophages). These macrophages ingest and remove invading bacteria and viruses, but not in the case of the swine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. (PRRS). In this case, the PRRS virus multiplies inside the macrophages, producing more virus, and killing the macrophages. Once introduced into a herd, the PRRS virus tends to remain present and active indefinitely. Up to 40% of macrophages are destroyed, which allows bacteria and other viruses to proliferate and cause damage. A common example of this situation is the noticeable increase in severity of enzootic pneumonia in the growing/finishing units of pigs when they become infected with the PRRS virus. More than half of PRRS virus-negative pigs at weaning age become infected before being marketed.
[008] There is a need for an improved vaccine against mycoplasma infection in pigs. Preferably, the M. hyo vaccine will be compatible with other swine antigens, such as PCV2 and the PRRS virus, whether they are provided simultaneously as standalone single vaccines or combined into a ready-to-use vaccine. It would be highly desirable to provide a combined M. hyo/PCV2 vaccine in a single dose ready for immediate use. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[009] The present invention provides an immunogenic composition including a soluble portion of a whole cell Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo) preparation, wherein the soluble portion of the M. hyo preparation is substantially free of (i) IgG and (i) IgG and ( ii) immunocomplexes constituted by antigen bound to immunoglobulin. In one aspect, the soluble portion of the M. hyo whole cell preparation was treated with protein A or protein G before being added to the immunogenic composition.
In one embodiment, the soluble portion of the M. hyo preparation includes at least one M. hyo protein antigen. In another embodiment, the soluble portion of the M. hyo preparation includes two or more M. hyo protein antigens.
[0011] In some embodiments, the immunogenic composition of the present invention further includes at least one additional antigen. In one embodiment, the at least one additional antigen is protective against a microorganism that can cause disease in pigs.
[0012] In one embodiment, the microorganism includes bacteria, viruses or protozoa. In another modality, the microorganism is selected from, among others, the following: porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine parvovirus (PPV), Haemophilus parasuis, Pasteurella multocida, Streptococcum suis, Staphylococcus hyicus, Actinobacilllus pleuropneumoniae, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Salmonella choleraesuis, Salmonella enteritidis, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Mycoplama hyorhinis, Mycoplasma hyosynocellulariae influenzae, genus hyosynocellulare sp. , porcine respiratory coronavirus, swine epidemic diarrhea virus (PED), rotavirus, Torque teno virus (TTV), swine cytomegalovirus, swine enterovirus, encephalomyocarditis virus, a pathogen causing Aujesky's disease, classical swine fever (CSF) and a pathogen causing swine transmissible gastroenteritis, or combinations thereof.
[0013] In certain embodiments, the at least one additional antigen is a porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) antigen, a PRRS virus antigen, or a combination of these. In one embodiment, the composition elicits a protective immune response in a pig against M. hyo and against PCV2. In another modality, the composition elicits a protective immune response in a pig against M. hyo, PCV2 and against the PRRS virus.
[0014] In one embodiment, the PCV2 antigen is in the form of a chimeric type 1-type 2 circovirus, wherein the chimeric virus includes an inactivated recombinant porcine circovirus type 1 that expresses the porcine circovirus type 2 ORF2 protein ORF2. In another embodiment, the PCV2 antigen is in the form of a recombinant ORF2 protein. In yet another embodiment, the recombinant ORF2 protein is expressed using baculovirus as a vector.
[0015] In some embodiments, the composition of the present invention further includes an adjuvant. In one embodiment, the adjuvant is selected from, among others, the following: oil-in-water adjuvant, polymer-water adjuvant, water-in-oil adjuvant, aluminum hydroxide adjuvant, vitamin E adjuvant, and combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the composition of the present invention further includes a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0016] In certain embodiments, the composition of the present invention elicits a protective immune response against M. hyo when administered in a single dose. In other embodiments, the composition elicits a protective immune response against M. hyo and at least one additional microorganism that can cause disease in pigs when given in a single dose. In still other embodiments, a composition of the present invention elicits a protective response against M. hyo and against at least one additional microorganism that causes disease in swine when administered in two doses.
The present invention also provides a method for immunizing a swine against M. hyo. This method includes administering to the swine an immunogenic composition containing a soluble portion of an M. hyo whole cell preparation, wherein the soluble portion of the M. hyo preparation is substantially free of (i) IgG and (ii) immunocomplexes consisting of immunoglobulin-bound antigen. In one embodiment, the soluble portion of the M. hyo preparation of the administered composition includes at least one M. hyo protein antigen.
[0018] In one embodiment of the method of the present invention, the composition is administered intramuscularly, intradermally, transdermally or subcutaneously. In another embodiment of the method of this invention, the composition is administered in a single dose. In yet another embodiment of the method of this invention, the composition is administered in two doses.
[0019] In yet another embodiment of the method of the present invention, the composition is administered in conjunction with at least one additional antigen that is protective against a microorganism that can cause disease in swine, such as one or more of the microorganisms described above. Such other antigens can be provided simultaneously with the M. hyo composition (ie, as standalone single vaccines) or combined into a ready-to-use vaccine.
[0020] In a further embodiment, the composition is administered to pigs having maternal antibodies derived against M. hyo. In yet another embodiment, the composition is administered to pigs having maternal antibodies derived against M. hyo and against at least one other microorganism that can cause disease in pigs.
[0021] In one modality, the composition is administered to pigs of 3 weeks of age or older.
[0022] The present invention further provides a kit. This kit includes a vial comprising an immunogenic composition. This immunogenic composition includes the soluble portion of a whole cell Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo) preparation, wherein the soluble portion of the M. hyo preparation is substantially free of (i) IgG and (ii) antigen/immunoglobulin immune complexes . In one embodiment, the kit further includes an instruction manual containing information for administering the immunogenic composition.
[0023] Additionally, the present invention provides a method for preparing an immunogenic composition according to this invention. This method includes i) cultivating M. hyo in a suitable medium for periods ranging from 18-144 hours; ii) subsequently inactivating the M. hyo culture; iii) collecting the inactivated culture liquid, wherein the inactivated culture liquid comprises an M. hyo whole cell preparation including a soluble liquid fraction and insoluble cellular material; iv) separating the soluble liquid fraction from the insoluble cellular material; and v) substantially removing IgG and antigen/immunoglobulin immune complexes from the separated liquid soluble fraction. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0024] Figure 1 is a graph showing the efficacy of monovalent M. hyo vaccines prepared with M. hyo antigens from different treatments (T02-T10 described in Example 3) compared to a placebo (T01). Results are presented as % of Mean Least Squares of Injury values.
[0025] Figure 2 is a graph showing PCV2 antigen potency results (PCV2 antigen ELISA) of M. hyo vaccines in combination with PCV Type 1-Type 2 chimeric virus. Chimeric virus was included in the compositions at an initial level of approximately 1.6<RP. The status of each sample is expressed in relative potency (RP).
Figure 3 is a graph showing the results of PCV2 viremia (quantitative PCR for PCV2) observed with PCV/M vaccine formulations. hyo employing different adjuvant platforms.
[0027] Figure 4 is a graph showing the serological results by ELISA of antibodies against PCV2 (S/P) observed with vaccine formulations against PCV/M. hyo employing different adjuvant platforms on Days 1, 20 and 42 of the challenge.
[0028] Figure 5 is a graph showing the release of PCV2 in feces, obtained with treatments T02-T04, described in Example 7, compared to a placebo (T01). Results are expressed as PCV2/mL DNA copies.
[0029] Figure 6 is a graph showing the nasal release of PCV2 obtained with treatments T02-T04, described in Example 7, compared to placebo (T01). Results are expressed as PCV2/mL DNA copies.
Figure 7 (A and 7) shows graphs of the results of an interferon-gamma (IFN-Y) assay that measures specific cell-mediated immune responses (CMI) against PCV2. The post-vaccination/before-challenge results are shown in Figure 7A, and the post-vaccination/after-challenge results are shown in Figure 7B. The stimulation of 5 x 106 cells was considered significant.
Figure 8 depicts the efficacy against M. hyo of experimental vaccine formulations against PCV2/M. hyo in SP-oil. Lung scores for formulations employing treatments T02-T08 against M. hyo compared to a placebo (T01) are graphically depicted in Figure 8A. The table in Figure 8B depicts the contrast of treatments T02-T08 with placebo.
[0032] Figure 9 is a flowchart showing one embodiment of a manufacturing process used to prepare an M. hyo antigen treated with Protein A, compatible with PCV2.
[0033] Figure 10 is a table showing the evaluation of adjuvants for virucidal activity against PRRS virus. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEQUENCES
SEQ ID NO: 1 is an embodiment of the nucleotide sequence encoding p46 of M. hyo strain P-5722;
SEQ ID NO: 2 is an amino acid sequence embodiment corresponding to p46 of M. hyo strain P-5722;
SEQ ID NO:3 is an embodiment of the nucleotide sequence encoding p97 from M. hyo strain P-5722;
SEQ ID NO: 4 is an amino acid sequence embodiment corresponding to p97 of M. hyo strain P-5722;
SEQ ID NO: 5 is a genomic sequence embodiment encoding a chimeric PCV1-2 virus;
SEQ ID NO: 6 is a nucleotide sequence embodiment corresponding to porcine circovirus ORF2;
SEQ ID NO: 7 is an amino acid sequence embodiment corresponding to the porcine circovirus ORF2 polypeptide;
[0041] SEQ ID NO: 8 is a genomic sequence embodiment encoding a chimeric PCV1-2 virus;
SEQ ID NO: 9 is a nucleotide sequence embodiment corresponding to porcine circovirus ORF2;
SEQ ID NO: 10 is an amino acid sequence embodiment corresponding to the porcine circovirus ORF2 polypeptide;
SEQ ID NO: 11 is an amino acid sequence embodiment corresponding to the porcine circovirus ORF2 polypeptide;
SEQ ID NO: 12 is a nucleotide sequence embodiment encoding the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11;
SEQ ID NO: 13 is an amino acid sequence embodiment corresponding to the porcine circovirus ORF2 polypeptide;
SEQ ID NO: 14 is a nucleotide sequence embodiment encoding the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13;
SEQ ID NO: 15 is an amino acid sequence embodiment corresponding to the porcine circovirus ORF2 polypeptide;
SEQ ID NO: 16 is a genomic sequence modality of a non-virulent form of the North American viral isolate of PRRS, designated P129; and
SEQ ID NO: 17 is an embodiment of the corresponding nucleotide sequence from ORF2 to ORF5 of the PRRS viral isolate designated ISU-55.
SEQ ID NO: 18 is a nucleotide sequence embodiment corresponding to ORF6 and ORF7 of the PRRS viral isolate designated ISU-55. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0052] The present invention provides an immunogenic composition including a soluble portion of an M. hyo whole cell preparation, wherein the soluble portion of the M. hyo preparation is substantially free of (i) IgG and (ii) formed immune complexes by bound antigen. Applicants surprisingly found that the soluble fraction of the M. hyo whole cell preparation is non-immunogenic. In contrast, the IgG-free soluble M. hyo preparation is immunogenic and can be effectively combined with antigens from other pathogens, such as PCV2, without analytical or immunological interference between the antigens. This makes the soluble M. hyo preparation of this invention an effective platform for multivalent vaccines, including ready-to-use formulations in a vial. Applicants have also surprisingly found that removing immunoglobulin and insoluble cellular debris enhances the safety of the immunogenic composition.
[0053] In this specification and in the claims, the singular form "a", "an", "the" and "a" includes plural references, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. For example, the term "a protein antigen" includes a plurality of protein antigens, including mixtures thereof.
[0054] In this descriptive report, the term "comprising" is intended to mean that compositions and methods include the elements recited, but do not exclude other elements.
[0055] The term "antigen" refers to an immunogenic compound, composition or substance that is capable of stimulating antibody production or a T cell response, or both, in an animal, including compositions that are injected or absorbed by the animal. The immune response can be generated to the entire molecule or to a portion of the molecule (eg, an epitope or hapten).
[0056] In this specification, an "an immunogenic or immunological composition" refers to a composition of matter comprising at least one antigen that elicits an immune response in the host from a cell- or antibody-mediated immune response to the composition or vaccine of interest.
[0057] The term "immune response" in this specification refers to a response elicited in an animal. An immune response can refer to cellular immunity (CMI); humoral immunity or may involve both. The present invention also contemplates a response that is limited to one part of the immune system. Typically, an "immune response" includes, but is not limited to, one or more of the following effects: the production or activation of antibodies, B cells, helper (helper) T cells, suppressor T cells and/or cytotoxic T cells and/or yd T cells , specifically targeting an antigen or antigens included in the composition or vaccine of interest. Preferably, the host will exhibit a therapeutic or protective immune response such that resistance to the occurrence of re-infection is enhanced and/or the clinical severity of the disease is reduced. Such protection will be demonstrated by a reduction or absence of symptoms normally exhibited by an infected host, a faster time to recovery and/or a lower viral titer in the infected host.
[0058] In this specification, the term "immunogenicity" means the ability to produce an immune response in a host animal against an antigen or antigens. This immune response forms the basis of the protective immunity elicited by a vaccine against a specific infectious organism.
[0059] "Adjuvant", in this specification, means a composition formed by one or more substances that enhance the immune response to one or more antigens. The mechanism by which an adjuvant operates is not entirely known. Some adjuvants are thought to enhance the immune response by slowly releasing the antigen, while other adjuvants are strongly immunogenic in their own right and are believed to act synergistically.
[0060] In this descriptive report, the term "multivalent" means a vaccine containing more than one antigen, whether from the same species (ie different Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae isolates), coming from a different species (ie Pasteurella hemolytica isolates and Pasteurella multocida), or a vaccine containing a combination of antigens from different genera (eg a vaccine comprising antigens from Pasteurella multocida, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus somnus and Clostridium).
[0061] The term "pig" or "pig" in this specification means an animal of swine origin, while "sow" refers to an old female with reproductive capacity. A "pig" is a female pig that has never become pregnant.
[0062] In this descriptive report, the term "virulent" means an isolate that retains its ability to be infectious in a host animal.
[0063] "Inactivated vaccine" means a vaccine composition containing an infectious organism or pathogen that is no longer capable of replication or growth. The pathogen can be bacterial, viral, protozoal or fungal in origin. Inactivation can be achieved by a variety of methods including freeze-thaw, chemical treatment (eg, treatment with thimerosol or formalin), sonication, radiation, heat or any conventional means sufficient to prevent the organism from replicating or growing while maintaining its immunogenicity.
[0064] The term "variant" in this specification refers to a polypeptide or nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide that has one or more conservative variations or minimal amino acid modifications such that the corresponding polypeptide has a function substantially equivalent when compared to wild-type polypeptide.
"Conservative variation" indicates the substitution of an amino acid residue for another biologically similar residue, or the substitution of a nucleotide in a nucleic acid sequence such that the encoded amino acid residue does not change or is another biologically similar residue. Examples of conservative variations include replacing a hydrophobic residue such as isoleucine, valine, leucine or methionine with another hydrophobic residue, or replacing a polar residue such as replacing arginine with lysine, glutamic acid with aspartic acid or glutamine with asparagine and the like. The term "conservative variation" also includes the use of a substituted amino acid in place of an original unsubstituted amino acid, since antibodies raised against the substituted polypeptide also perform the same type of reaction with the unsubstituted polypeptide.
[0066] In this specification, the term "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier" and "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier" may be interchanged and refer to a liquid vehicle for containing the antigens in the vaccine that can be injected into a host without adverse effects. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers known in the art include, but are not limited to, sterile water, saline, glucose, dextrose, or buffered solutions. Carriers can include auxiliary agents including, but not limited to, diluents, stabilizers (i.e., sugars and amino acids), preservatives, moisturizing agents, emulsifying agents, pH buffering agents, viscosity-promoting additives, colorants, and the like.
[0067] In this specification, the term "vaccine composition" includes at least one antigen or immunogen in a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle useful for inducing an immune response in a host. The vaccine compositions can be administered in doses and by techniques well known to those skilled in the medical or veterinary arts, taking into account factors such as age, sex, weight, species and condition of the recipient animal and the route of administration. The route of administration can be percutaneous or through the mucosa (for example, oral, nasal, anal, vaginal) or through a parenteral route (intradermal, transdermal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous or intraperitoneal). Vaccine compositions can be administered alone or can be co-administered or administered sequentially with other treatments or therapies. Forms of administration may include suspensions, syrups or elixirs and preparations for parenteral, subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular or intravenous administration (for example, injectable administration) such as sterile suspensions or emulsions. Vaccine compositions can be administered in spray form or mixed with food and/or water or released in admixture with a suitable carrier, diluent or excipient such as sterile water, physiological saline solution, glucose or the like. The compositions may contain auxiliary substances such as moisturizing or emulsifying agents, pH buffering agents, adjuvants, gelling additives or viscosity enhancers, preservatives, flavoring agents, colorants and the like, depending on the desired route of administration and preparation. Standard pharmaceutical texts, such as "Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences", 1990, can be consulted to make suitable preparations without undue experimentation.
[0068] "North American Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) virus" means any PRRS virus that has genetic characteristics associated with a North American PRRS virus isolate, such as, but not limited to, PRRS virus that it was first isolated in the United States around the early 1990s (see, for example, Collins, JE, et al., 1992, J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 4:117-126); the North American PRRS virus MN-1b isolate ( Kwang, J. et al., 1994, J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 6:293-296 ); the LAF-exp91 Quebec strain of PRRS virus (Mardassi, H. et al., 1995, Arch. Virol. 140:1405-1418); and the North American PRRS virus isolate VR 2385 (Meng, X.-J et al., 1994, J. Gen. Virol. 75:1795-1801). Additional examples of strains of the North American PRRS virus are described in this patent application. Genetic traits refer to the genomic nucleotide sequence similarity and the amino acid sequence similarity that are shared by strains of the North American PRRS virus. Chinese strains of the PRRS virus generally show about 8093% nucleotide sequence similarity to North American strains.
[0069] "European PRRS virus" refers to any strain of the PRRS virus having the genetic characteristics associated with the PRRS virus that was first isolated in Europe around 1991 (see, for example, Wensvoort, G ., et al., 1991, Vet. Q. 13:121-130). The "European PRRS virus" is sometimes referred to in the art as the "Lelystad virus". Additional examples of European strains of the PRRS virus are described in this patent application.
[0070] A genetically modified virus is "attenuated" if it is less virulent than its original unmodified strain. A strain is "less virulent" if it exhibits a statistically significant reduction in one or more parameters that determine disease severity. Such parameters may include level of viremia, fever, severity of respiratory distress, severity of reproductive symptoms or number or severity of lung lesions, etc.
[0071] "Infectious clone" is an isolated or cloned genome of the disease agent (eg, virus) that can be specifically or intentionally modified in the laboratory and then used to recreate the genetically modified living organism. A genetically modified live virus produced from the infectious clone can be used in a live viral vaccine. Alternatively, inactivated virus vaccines can be prepared by treating the live virus derived from the infectious clone with inactivating agents like formalin or hydrophobic solvents, etc., by irradiation with ultraviolet light or X-rays, by heating, etc.
[0072] All currently available vaccines against M. hyo are produced from whole cell preparations of killed mycoplasmas (bacterins). In contrast, the present invention employs a soluble portion of a whole cell Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo) preparation, wherein the soluble portion of the M. hyo preparation is substantially free of (i) IgG and (ii) constituted immune complexes by antigen bound to the immunoglobulin.
[0073] M. hyo has absolute requirements for sterols and exogenous fatty acids. These needs generally require serum containing medium for the growth of M. hyo, such as porcine serum. Separating the insoluble material from the soluble portion present in the M. hyo whole cell preparation (for example, by centrifugation, filtration or precipitation) does not remove IgG or porcine immune complexes. In one embodiment of the present invention, the soluble portion of M. hyo is treated with protein A or protein G in order to substantially remove IgG and immune complexes contained in the culture supernatant. In this embodiment, treatment with protein A is understood to occur after fermentation of M. hyo. In this descriptive report, this is alternatively referred to as downward protein A treatment. In another embodiment, treatment with protein A of the growth medium upwards (ie, prior to M. hyo fermentation) may be employed. Protein A binds to the Fc portion of IgG. Protein G preferentially binds to the Fc portion of IgG, but can also bind to the Fab region. Methods to fully purify/remove IgG from crude protein mixtures, such as tissue culture supernatant, serum, and ascetic fluid, are known in the art.
In some embodiments, the soluble portion of the M. hyo preparation includes at least one M. hyo protein antigen. In other embodiments, the soluble portion of the M. hyo preparation includes two or more M. hyo protein antigens.
In one embodiment, the M. hyo fraction of the supernatant includes one or more of the following M. hyo-specific protein antigens: proteins with molecular weights of approximately 46 kD (p46), 64 kD (p64) and 97 kD ( p97) from M. hyo. In another embodiment, the supernatant fraction includes at least the M. hyo p46, p64, and p97 protein antigens. The approximately 64 kD protein (p64) from M. hyo may alternatively be designated in this specification as the M. hyo p65 surface antigen, described by Kim et al. (Infect. Immun. 58(8):2637-2643 (1990)), as well as in U.S. Patent No. 5,788,962.
[0076] Futo et al. describe the cloning and characterization of a 46 kD M. hyo surface protein that can be employed in the compositions of this invention (J. Bact 177: 1915-1917 (1995)). In one embodiment, the M. hyo culture supernatant includes p46 whose corresponding nucleotide and amino acid sequences from strain P-5722 are shown in SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 2, respectively. It is further contemplated that variants of such p46 sequences may be employed in the compositions of the present invention, as described below.
[0077]Zhang et al. described and performed the characterization of an M. hyo p97 adhesin protein (Infect. Immun. 63: 1013-1019, 1995). Additionally, King et al. described a 124 kD protein called Mhp1 from the M. hyo strain P-5722, and presented data suggesting that the Mhp1 and p97 proteins would be the same (Vaccine 15:25-35 (1997)). Such p97 proteins can be employed in the compositions of this invention. In one embodiment, the M. hyo culture supernatant includes p97, whose corresponding nucleotide and amino acid sequences from strain P-5722 are shown in SEQ ID NOs: 3 and 4, respectively. It is further contemplated that variants of such p97 sequences may be employed in the compositions of the present invention, as described below.
The M. hyo culture supernatant may further include M. hyo-specific protein antigens such as, among others, proteins of approximately 41 kD (p41), 42kD (p42), 89kD (p89) and 65kD (p65) . See, Okada et al., 2000, J. Vet. Med. B 47:527-533 and Kim et al., 1990, Infect. Immun. 58(8):2637-2643. In addition, the M. hyo culture supernatant may include M. hyo-specific protein antigens of approximately 102 kD (p102) and 216 kD (p216). See, U.S. Patent Nos. 6,162,435 and 7,419,806 issued to Minnion et al.
[0079] Any strain of M. hyo can be used as a starting material to produce the soluble portion of the M. hyo preparation of the present invention. Suitable strains of M. hyo can be obtained from commercial or academic sources, including repositories such as the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) (Manassas, Va.) and the NRRL Culture Collection (Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture , Peoria, Illinois). ATCC alone lists the following six strains of M. hyo for sale: M. hyo ATCC 25095, M. hyo ATCC 25617, M. hyo ATCC 25934, M. hyo ATCC 27714, M. hyo ATCC 27715, and M. hyo ATCC 25934D. A preferred strain of M. hyo for use in the embodiments of this invention is identified as strain P-5722-3, ATCC No. 55052, filed May 30, 1990, pursuant to accessibility rules required by the US Patent and Trademark Office. United. In view of the wide spread of the disease, strains can also be obtained by recovering M. hyo from secretions or lung tissue of pigs infected with strains known to cause mycoplasmic pneumonia in pigs.
It is understood by those skilled in the art that variants of the M. hyo sequences can be employed in the compositions of the present invention. Such variants could vary by up to 10-20% in sequence identity and still retain the antigenic characteristics that make them useful in immunogenic compositions. Preferably, the M. hyo variants have at least 80%, preferably at least 85%, more preferably at least 90%, even more preferably at least 95% sequence identity with the complete genomic sequence of the M. hyo strain of the wild type. The antigenic characteristics of an immunological composition can be, for example, estimated by the challenge experiment as provided in the Examples. Furthermore, the antigenic characteristic of a modified M. hyo antigen is still retained when the modified antigen confers at least 70%, preferably 80%, more preferably 90% protective immunity as compared to wild-type M. hyo protein. hyo.
[0081] In one embodiment, the soluble M. hyo p46 antigen is included in the compositions of the invention at a final concentration of from approximately 1.5 μg/mL to approximately 10 μg/mL, preferably from approximately 2 μg/mL to approximately 6.20 µg/ml. Note that p46 is the protein used for the M. hyo potency test (see the examples section below). In another embodiment, the M. hyo antigen may be included in the compositions in a final amount of approximately 5.5% to approximately 35% of the protein A-treated supernatant of the entire M. hyo culture.
The soluble M. hyo preparation of the present invention is safe and effective against M. hyo and is suitable for single dose administration. Furthermore, Applicants surprisingly found that the soluble M. hyo preparation can be effectively combined with antigens from other pathogens without immunological interference between the antigens. This makes the soluble M. hyo preparation of this invention an effective platform for multivalent vaccines. Additional antigens can be given concurrently with the M. hyo composition (ie, as standalone single vaccines) or combined into a ready-to-use vaccine.
[0083] In one embodiment, the immunogenic composition of the present invention includes at least one soluble M. hyo antigen and at least one additional antigen. In one embodiment, the at least one additional antigen is protective against a microorganism that can cause disease in pigs.
[0084]5 In some embodiments, the at least one additional antigenic component is protective against bacteria, viruses or protozoa that are known to infect pigs. Examples of such microorganisms include, but are not limited to, the following: porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine parvovirus (PPV), Haemophilus parasuis, Pasteurella multocida, Streptococcum suis, Staphylococcus hyicus , Actinobacilllus pleuropneumoniae, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Salmonella choleraesuis, Salmonella enteritidis, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Mycoplama hyorhinis, Mycoplasma hyosynoviae, bacteria of the genus Leptospira, Lawsonia intracellular Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Erysipelothrix rhusiophia virus Swine epidemic diarrhea virus (PED), rotavirus, Torque teno virus (TTV), swine cytomegalovirus, swine enterovirus, encephalomyocarditis virus, a causative pathogen of Aujesky's disease, classical swine fever (CSF) and a causative pathogen of transmissible gastroenteritis swine, or combinations thereof.
In one embodiment, an immunogenic composition of the present invention includes the combination of at least one soluble M. hyo antigen (eg, two or more) and a PCV2 antigen. In another modality, the composition elicits a protective immune response in a pig against M. hyo and against PCV2.
[0086] In one embodiment, a combined M. hyo/PCV2 vaccine according to the present invention is provided as a single-dose vaccine ready for immediate use in a vial. Such ready-to-use combined vaccine does not require the mixing of separate vaccines, so there is no risk of contamination or additional work associated with mixing, nor the need to use the mixture within a few hours. Additionally, a combined M. hyo/PCV2 vaccine in a single vial also cuts waste and refrigerator storage space in half. Furthermore, administration in one dose eliminates the work associated with administering a second dose to the animal. Note that although they currently exist, combined vaccines against PCV2/M. hyos are supplied as a ready-to-use vaccine in two doses (Circumvent®PCVM) or as a single dose vaccine in 2 vials, which requires simultaneous administration of separate vaccines (eg Ingelvac CircoFLEX® and Ingelvac MycoFLEX®). Preferably, the combination against M. hyo/PCV2 according to the present invention would be compatible with other antigens, such as PRRS antigens, such that all antigens can be administered in a single dose.
In some embodiments, the PCV2 antigenic component of a combined M. hyo/PCV2 vaccine is in the form of a chimeric type 1-type 2 circovirus. The chimeric virus includes an inactivated recombinant porcine circovirus type 1 that expresses the porcine circovirus type 2 ORF2 protein ORF2. Chimeric porcine circoviruses and methods for their preparation are described in WO 03/049703 A2 and also in U.S. Patent Nos. 7,279,166 and 7,575,752, the contents of which are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference in this patent application.
In one embodiment, the complete DNA sequence of the PCV1-2 chimeric virus genome corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 5 or its variants, as described below. In another embodiment, the immunogenic ORF2 protein gene of the PCV1-2 chimeric virus capsid corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 6. In a further embodiment, the amino acid sequence of the immunogenic ORF2 protein expressed by the PCV1-2 chimeric virus corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 7.
[0089] In yet another embodiment, the complete DNA sequence of the PCV1-2 chimeric virus genome corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 8. In one embodiment, the PCV1-2 chimeric virus immunogenic capsid protein ORF2 gene corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 9. In a further embodiment, the amino acid sequence of the immunogenic ORF2 protein expressed by the chimeric virus PCV1-2 corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 10.
[0090] However, PCV2 ORF2 DNA and PCV1-2 chimeric virus protein are not limited to the sequences described above, as PCV2 ORF2 DNA and protein is a highly conserved domain within PCV2 isolates.
[0091] In some embodiments, the antigenic component of PCV2 of a combined vaccine against M. hyo/PCV2 is in the form of a recombinant ORF2 protein. In one embodiment, the recombinant ORF2 protein is expressed using baculovirus as a vector. Alternatively, other known expression vectors can be used, including, but not limited to, parapox virus vectors.
In one embodiment, the recombinant PCV2 ORF2 protein is that of SEQ ID NO: 11, which is encoded by SEQ ID NO: 12 (GenBank Accession No. AF086834). In another embodiment, the recombinant ORF2 protein is that of SEQ ID NO: 13, which is encoded by SEQ ID NO: 14. In yet another embodiment, the recombinant ORF2 protein corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 15. In yet another embodiment, a PCV2 recombinant ORF2 protein corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 7. In yet another embodiment, the PCV2 recombinant ORF2 protein corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 10.
[0093] However, the present invention is not limited to the DNA and protein sequences in particular of ORF2 DNA described above. Given that PCV2 ORF2 DNA and protein is a highly conserved domain within PCV2 isolates, it is highly likely that any PCV2 ORF2 will be effective as the source of PCV2 ORF2 DNA and/or polypeptide when used in PCV1-2 chimeric virus or PCV2 recombinant protein.
[0094] An example of a suitable PCV2 viral isolate from which PCV2 ORF2 DNA and protein sequences can be derived is PCV2 isolate number 40895 (filed with ATCC December 7, 2001 and Deposit Designation Patent in ATCC PTA-3914). The genomic (nucleotide) sequence of PCV2 isolate number 40895 is available under GenBank accession number AF264042. Other examples of suitable PCV2 isolates from which PCV2 ORF2 DNA and protein sequences can be derived include, but are not limited to, the following: Imp. 999, Imp. 1010- Stoon, Imp. 1011-48121 and Imp. 1011-48285. The GenBank accession numbers for the genomic sequences corresponding to these PCV2 isolates are AF055391, AF055392, AF055393 and AF055394, respectively.
[0095] In some ways, the immunogenic portions of PCV2 ORF2 protein are used as the antigenic component in the composition. For example, truncated and/or substituted forms or fragments of the PCV2 ORF2 protein can be employed in the compositions of the present invention.
[0096] Those skilled in the art understand that PCV2 sequence variants can be employed in the compositions of the present invention. Such variants could vary by up to 10-20% in sequence identity and still retain the antigenic characteristics that make them useful in immunogenic compositions. Preferably, the PCV2 variants have at least 80%, preferably at least 85%, more preferably at least 90%, even more preferably at least 95% sequence identity with the complete genomic sequence of the wild-type PCV2 isolate . The antigenic characteristics of an immunological composition can be, for example, estimated by the challenge experiment as provided in the Examples. Furthermore, the antigenic characteristic of a modified PCV2 antigen is still retained when the modified antigen confers at least 70%, preferably 80%, more preferably 90% protective immunity as compared to wild-type PCV2 ORF2 protein.
[0097] The antigenic component of PCV2 is provided in the immunogenic composition at a level of inclusion of antigen effective to induce the desired immune response, namely, reducing the incidence or decreasing the severity of clinical signs resulting from PCV2 infection.
[0098] In one embodiment, a PCV1-2 chimeric virus is included in the compositions of the invention at a level of at least 1.0 < RP < 5.0, where RP is the Relative Potency unit determined by antigen quantification by ELISA (in vitro potency test) compared to a reference vaccine. In another embodiment, a PCV1-2 chimeric virus is included in the composition of the invention at a final concentration of approximately 0.5% to approximately 5% PCV1-2 antigen concentrated 20 times in bulk.
[0099] In another embodiment, the recombinant PCV2 ORF2 protein is included in the compositions of the invention at a level of at least 0.2 µg of antigen/ml of the final immunogenic composition (µg/ml). In a further embodiment, the inclusion level of PCV2 recombinant ORF2 protein is from approximately 0.2 to approximately 400 μg/mL. In yet another embodiment, the inclusion level of the recombinant PCV2 ORF2 protein is from approximately 0.3 to approximately 200 µg/mL. In yet another embodiment, the inclusion level of the PCV2 recombinant ORF2 protein is from approximately 0.35 to approximately 100 µg/ml. In yet another embodiment, the inclusion level of the recombinant PCV2 ORF2 protein is from approximately 0.4 to approximately 50 µg/mL.
[00100] In one embodiment, an immunogenic composition of the present invention includes the combination of at least one soluble M. hyo antigen (e.g., two or more), a porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) antigen, and a virus antigen of PRRS. In another modality, the composition elicits a protective immune response in a pig against M. hyo, PCV2 and against the PRRS virus.
In one embodiment, a combined M. hyo/PCV2/PRRS vaccine according to the present invention is provided in single-dose vaccine form in two vials. For example, in some embodiments, a combination against M. hyo/PCV2 is provided as a stable liquid composition in a first vial and against PRRS virus is provided in a lyophilized state in a second vial. In some modalities, additional swine antigens may be added to the first or second vial.
[00102] In one embodiment, the PRRS virus component is provided in the form of a lyophilized genetically modified live virus. Prior to administration, liquid against M. hyo/PCV2 from a first vial can be used to rehydrate the PRRS virus in a second vial so that all three antigens can be administered to the animal in a single dose. Note that, despite currently existing, combined vaccines against PCV2/M. hyo/PRRS are supplied as a single dose vaccine in 3 vials, which requires simultaneous administration of three separate vaccines (eg Ingelvac CircoFLEX®, Ingelvac MycoFLEX® and Ingelvac®PRRS MLV).
[00103]The etiologic agent of PRRS was first isolated in the Netherlands and given the name Lelystad virus. Such a virus has been described in WO 92/21375 (Stichting Centraal Diegeneeskundig Instituut). An isolate of the European PRRS virus has been deposited at the Institut Pasteur de Paris, number 1-1102. The North American type was isolated almost simultaneously with the isolation of the European type virus, and is described in WO-93/03760 (Collins et al.) An isolate of the North American type virus has been deposited with the American Type Culture Collection ( ATCC), number VR-2332.
[00104]Different strains have been isolated from the European and North American virus types. WO 93/07898 (Akzo) describes a European strain, and vaccines derived therefrom, deposited with the CNCM (Institut Pasteur), number 1-1140. Additionally, WO 93/14196 (Rhone-Merieux) describes a new strain isolated in France, deposited at CNCM (Institut Pasteur), number 1-1153. Furthermore, EP0595436 B1 (Solvay) describes a new strain of the North American type, which is more virulent than the one initially described, and vaccines thereof. This strain has been filed with the ATCC, but the filing number is not detailed in the patent application. Furthermore, document ES2074950 BA (Cyanamid Iberica) and its correspondent GB2282811 B2 describe a so-called "Spanish strain", which is different from other European and North American strains. This "Spanish strain" has been deposited with the European Animal Cell Culture Collection (EACCC), number V93070108.
PRRS virus antigens suitable for use in the M. hyo/PCV2/PRRS compositions of the present invention include North American PRRS virus isolates, Chinese PRRS virus strains and European PRRS virus strains, as well as genetically modified versions of such isolates/strains. In one embodiment, the antigenic component of the PRRS virus employed in compositions in accordance with the present invention is a North American PRRS virus.
[00106] In some embodiments, the antigenic component of the PRRS virus employed in the compositions of this invention is the North American PRRS virus isolate designated P129 or a genetically modified live version thereof. Preferably the genetically modified PRRS virus is unable to produce a pathogenic infection but is capable of eliciting an effective immunoprotective response against wild-type PRRS virus infection.
[00107] A genetically modified PRRS virus for use in the compositions of the invention can be produced from an infectious clone. The preparation of a cDNA clone from the US PRRS virus isolate, designated P129, is described in U.S. Patent No. 6,500,662, the contents of which are incorporated herein in its entirety by reference in this application. The cDNA sequence of P129 is disclosed in Genbank Accession Number AF494042 and in U.S. Patent No. 6,500,662.
[00108] In one embodiment, the nucleotide sequence of a non-virulent form of P129 for use in the compositions of the present invention is represented by SEQ ID NO: 16. However, the present invention is not limited to that sequence. This sequence and the sequences of other non-virulent forms of P129 are described in International Patent Application No. PCT/IB2011/055003, filed November 9, 2011, the contents of which (including any US National Stage deposits based on this Application International Patent Application) is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference in this patent application. Preferably, the PRRS virus is modified to prevent interferon-mediated downregulation of function.
[00109] In other embodiments, the antigenic component of the PRRS virus employed in the compositions of the invention is the PRRS virus isolate designated ISU-55. Isolate ISU-55 has been deposited with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) under accession number VR2430. The nucleotide sequence of the genes for ORF2 to ORF5 of the ISU-55 isolate is represented by SEQ ID NO: 17. The nucleotide sequence of the genes for ORF6 and ORF7 of the ISU-55 isolate is represented by SEQ ID NO: 18.
[00110] Another suitable North American PRRS virus isolate that can be used in the compositions is ISU-12, which has been deposited with the ATCC under accession numbers VR2385 [3 x plaque purified] and VR2386 [not plaque purified ]. Still other suitable North American PRRS virus isolates that may be employed in the compositions of this invention are the following: ISU-51, ISU-3927, ISU-1894, ISU-22 and ISU-79, which have been deposited with the ATCC under the access numbers VR2498, VR2431, VR2475, VR2429 and VR2474 respectively. Genetically modified versions of any of these ISU isolates can be employed in the compositions of this invention. Such ISU isolates and the ISU-55 isolate are described in detail in the following US Patents issued to Paul, et al: US 5 695 766, 6 110 467, 6 251 397, 6 251 404, 6 380 376, 6 592 873, 6 773 908, 6 977 078, 7 223 854, 7 264 802, 7 264 957 and 7 517 976, the contents of which all are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference in this patent application.
[00111] In still other modalities, the antigenic component of the PRRS virus employed in the compositions according to the present invention is the North American type deposited with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), number VR-2332, or a genetically modified version of this. For example, the PRRS virus may be a live virus modified based on the isolate identified as ATCC VR2332, which is employed in INGELVAC® PRRS ATP and INGELVAC® PRRS MLV, from Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc.
[00112] In still other modalities, the antigenic component of the PRRS virus employed in the compositions of the present invention is an isolate of the European PRRS virus or Lelystad virus or a genetically modified version thereof. An example of a suitable strain of PRRS virus is identified as deposit No. 1-1102, described above. Nucleotide and amino acid sequences corresponding to deposit 1-1102 are described in U.S. Patent No. 5,620,691 to Wensvoort et al, the contents of which are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference in this application. The preparation of an infectious clone of a European PRRS virus or Lelystad virus isolate is described in U.S. Patent No. 6,268,199, the contents of which are incorporated herein in its entirety by reference in this patent application.
[00113] Other examples of suitable PRRS virus isolates include, but are not limited to, those described above. Furthermore, genetically modified live versions of the PRRS virus isolates can be employed in the compositions of the present invention. An infectious clone can be used to recreate such genetically modified living organisms.
[00114] Those skilled in the art understand that variants of the PRRS virus sequences can be employed in the compositions of the present invention. Such variants could vary by up to 10-20% in sequence identity and still retain the antigenic characteristics that make them useful in immunogenic compositions. Preferably, the PRRS virus variants have at least 80%, preferably at least 85%, more preferably at least 90%, even more preferably at least 95% sequence identity with the complete genomic sequence of the DNA virus isolate. wild type PPRS. The antigenic characteristics of an immunological composition can be, for example, estimated by challenge experiments.
[00115] Furthermore, the antigenic characteristic of a PRRS virus antigen is still retained when the modified antigen confers at least 70%, preferably 80%, more preferably 90% of protective immunity when compared to the PRRS virus antigen of the wild type.
[00116] In one embodiment, the antigenic component of the PRRS virus is a genetically modified live virus that is included in the compositions of the invention at a level of at least 2.1<TCID50<5.2, where TCID50 is 50% of infectious dose in tissue culture, determined by antigen quantification (in vitro potency test).
[00117] The PCV2 antigenic component of the compositions against M. hyo/PCV2/PRRS of the invention may be in the form of a chimeric type 1-type 2 circovirus, the chimeric virus, including an inactivated recombinant type 1 swine circovirus that expresses the protein ORF2 of the porcine circovirus type 2 ORF2. In another embodiment, the PCV2 antigenic component of the M. hyo/PCV2/PRRS compositions of the invention is in the form of a recombinant ORF2 protein.
Suitable PCV2 antigens for use in compositions against M. hyo/PCV2/PRRS can be derived from any of the PCV2 isolates described above, as well as from other PCV2 isolates. Suitable PCV2 antigens to be employed in the compositions of the invention include, among others, the PCV2 sequences described above and variants thereof.
[00119] The vaccines of the present invention may be formulated following accepted convention to include acceptable carriers for animals, including humans (if applicable), such as standard buffers, stabilizers, diluents, preservatives and/or solubilizers, and may also be formulated to facilitate sustained release. Diluents include water, saline, dextrose, ethanol, glycerol and the like. Additives for isotonicity include sodium chloride, dextrose, mannitol, sorbitol and lactose, among others. Stabilizers include albumin, among others. Other suitable vaccine carriers and additives, including those that are especially useful in the formulation of modified live vaccines, are known or will be apparent to those skilled in the art. See, for example, Remington's Pharmaceutical Science, 18aed., 1990, Mack Publishing, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in this patent application.
The vaccines of the present invention may further comprise one or more additional immunomodulatory components such as, for example, an adjuvant or cytokine, among others. Types of adjuvants suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention include the following: oil-in-water adjuvant, polymer-water adjuvant, water-in-oil adjuvant, aluminum hydroxide adjuvant, vitamin E adjuvant and combinations thereof. Some specific examples of adjuvants include, but are not limited to, Freund's complete adjuvant, Freund's incomplete adjuvant, Corynebacterium parvum, Bacillus Calmette Guerin, aluminum hydroxide gel, glucan, dextran sulfate, iron oxide, sodium alginate, Bacto-Adjuvant , certain synthetic polymers such as polyamino acids and amino acid copolymers, block copolymer (CytRx, Atlanta, Ga.), QS-21 (Cambridge Biotech Inc., Cambridge Mass.), SAF-M (Chiron, Emeryville, California), AMPHIGEN adjuvant ®, saponin, Quil A or other fraction of saponins, monophosphorylated lipid A and lipid-amine adjuvant Avridine (N,N-dioctadecyl-N',N'--bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-propanediamine), "REGRESSIN" (Vetrepharm , Athens, Ga.), paraffin oil, RIBI adjuvant system (Ribi Inc., Hamilton, Mont.), muramyl dipeptide and the like.
[00121] Non-limiting examples of oil-in-water emulsions useful in the vaccine of the invention include the modified formulations SEAM62 and SEAM 1/2. Modified SEAM62 is an oil-in-water emulsion containing 5% (v/v) squalene (Sigma), 1% (v/v) SPAN® 85 detergent (ICI Surfactants), 0.7% (v/v) TWEEN® 80 detergent (ICI Surfactants), 2.5% ethanol (v/v), Quil A 200 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL cholesterol and 0.5% (v/v) lecithin. Modified SEAM 1/2 is an oil-in-water emulsion comprising 5% (v/v) squalene, 1% (v/v) SPAN® 85 detergent, 0.7% (v/v) Tween 80 detergent, 2.5 ethanol % (v/v), Quil A 100 μg/ml and cholesterol 50 μg/ml.
[00122] Another example of an adjuvant useful in the compositions of the invention is oil SP1. In this specification and in the claims, the term "SP oil" indicates an oil emulsion comprising a polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer, squalene, polyoxyethione sorbitan monooleate and a buffered salt solution. Polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers are surfactants that aid in suspending solid and liquid components. These surfactants are commercially available as polymers under the trade name Pluronic®. The preferred surfactant is poloxamer 401 which is commercially available under the tradename Pluronic® L-121. In general, the SP oil emulsion is an immunostimulatory adjuvant mixture that will comprise approximately 1 to 3% vol./vol. of block copolymer, approximately 2 to 6% vol./vol. of squalene, more specifically around 3 to 6% squalene, and approximately 0.1 to 0.5% vol./vol. of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, with the remainder being a buffered salt solution. In one embodiment, the SP oil emulsion is present in the final composition in v/v amounts of from approximately 1% to 25%, preferably from approximately 2% to 15%, more preferably from around 5% to 12% v/v.
Yet another example of an adjuvant suitable for use in the compositions of the invention is the AMPHIGEN™ adjuvant which consists of de-oiled lecithin dissolved in oil, usually light liquid paraffin.
[00124] Other examples of adjuvants useful in the compositions of the invention are the following proprietary adjuvants: Microsol Diluvac Forte® double emulsion adjuvant system, Emunade adjuvant and Xsolve adjuvant. Both Emunade and Xsolve adjuvant are light mineral oil-in-water emulsions, but Emunade also contains Alhydrogel, and d,1-α-tocopherol acetate is part of the XSolve adjuvant. A still further example of a suitable adjuvant for use in the compositions of the invention is the ImpranFLEX™ adjuvant (water-in-oil adjuvant). Yet another example of a suitable adjuvant is a Carbomer-based adjuvant (Carbopol®). Preferred Carbopol® adjuvants include Carbopol® 934 polymer and Carbopol® 941 polymer.
[00125] In one embodiment, the adjuvant or mixture of adjuvants is added in an amount of from about 100 µg to about 10 mg per dose. In another embodiment, the adjuvant/adjuvant mixture is added in an amount of approximately 200 µg to approximately 5 mg per dose. In yet another embodiment, the adjuvant/adjuvant mixture is added in an amount of approximately 300 µg to approximately 1 mg/dose.
[00126] The adjuvant or mixture of adjuvants is typically present in the vaccine composition of the invention in v/v amounts from approximately 1% to 25%, preferably from approximately 2% to 15%, more preferably from around 5% to 12 %v/v.
[00127] Other "immunomodulators" that can be included in the vaccine include, for example, one or more interleukins, interferons or other known cytokines. In one embodiment, the adjuvant can be a cyclodextrin derivative or a polyanionic polymer, such as those described in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,165,995 and 6,610,310, respectively.
[00128] A further aspect relates to a method for preparing an immunogenic composition according to the present invention. This method comprises i) cultivating M. hyo in a suitable medium for periods ranging from 18-144 hours; ii) subsequently inactivating the M. hyo culture; iii) collecting the inactivated culture liquid, and that the inactivated culture liquid comprises an M. hyo whole cell preparation including a soluble liquid fraction and insoluble cellular material; iv) separating the soluble liquid fraction from the insoluble cellular material; and v) substantially removing IgG and antigen/immunoglobulin immune complexes from the separated liquid soluble fraction.
[00129] An example of a suitable medium to cultivate M. hyo is the PPLO Broth (Basic Broth for Mycoplasma), which, when supplemented with nutrient enrichments, is used to isolate and cultivate Mycoplasma.
[00130] In some embodiments, the M. hyo culture is grown until growth in the late log phase, after which the culture is inactivated. In some other embodiments, the culture is inactivated by raising the pH (eg, to approximately 7.8). This occurs by exposing the production crop to an inactivating agent such as binary ethyleneimine (BEI). BEI is generated in situ during the incubation of L-bromoethylamine hydrobromide (BEA) in the production culture. Subsequently, the pH of the inactivated culture is neutralized, such as by adding an equivalent amount of an agent that neutralizes the inactivating agent into the solution. In some embodiments, the inactivating agent is BEI and the neutralizing agent is sodium thiosulfate. In one embodiment, the pH of the inactivated culture is adjusted to approximately 7.4 by adding sodium thiosulfate.
[00131] In some embodiments, the soluble liquid fraction of the M. hyo whole cell preparation is separated from the insoluble cellular material using conventional methods. In one embodiment, this separation is by a filtration step. In another modality, this separation is by a centrifugation step. In yet another modality, separation is by a precipitation step.
In one embodiment, the soluble liquid fraction of an inactivated, neutralized whole cell M. hyo preparation is treated with Protein A resin to substantially remove IgG and antigen/immunoglobulin immune complexes in the preparation. In other embodiments, the Protein G resin can be used to substantially remove IgG and antigen/immunoglobulin immune complexes contained in the liquid soluble fraction. Methods to remove IgG and antigen/immunoglobulin immune complexes with Protein A or Protein G resins are well known in the art.
[00133] According to a further aspect, the method for preparing an immunogenic composition, such as a vaccine, according to the invention, comprises preparing the soluble M. hyo antigen as described above and mixing it with a suitable adjuvant and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. That method optionally includes adding at least one additional swine antigen, such as a PCV2 antigen and/or a PRRS virus antigen as described above.
[00134] A further aspect of the present invention concerns a kit. A "kit" refers to a plurality of components that are grouped together. In one embodiment, a kit according to the present invention includes a vial (or other suitable receptacle) comprising an immunogenic composition including the soluble portion of a Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo) whole cell preparation, wherein the soluble portion of the prepared from M. hyoé substantially free of (i) IgG and (ii) antigen/immunoglobulin immune complexes. Optionally, the kit can also include an instruction manual. The instruction manual includes information for administering the immunogenic composition.
[00135] In some embodiments, the vial containing the soluble portion of the M. hyo preparation further includes the PCV2 antigen. In some embodiments, the M. hyo/PCV2 combination in the vial is provided as a ready-to-use liquid composition.
[00136] In other embodiments, the kit includes a second vial comprising a PRRS virus antigen. In some embodiments, the PRRS virus antigen is in the form of a genetically modified live virus, which is supplied in a lyophilized state. In such situations, the instruction manual will include guidelines for rehydrating the viral component of PRRS with the liquid content of a vial containing the M. hyo/PCV2 combination. The instruction manual will also include information for administering the resulting trivalent formulation(s) against M. hyo/PCV2/PRRS.
[00137] In some embodiments, an immunogenic composition according to this invention is administered to pigs having maternal antibodies derived against M. hyo. In other embodiments, an immunogenic composition of the present invention is administered to pigs having maternal antibodies derived against M. hyo and against at least one other microorganism that can cause disease in pigs.
In some embodiments, an immunogenic composition of the present invention, such as a monovalent or multivalent vaccine, is administered to a piglet 3 weeks or older. However, it is contemplated that a monovalent or multivalent vaccine composition according to the invention may also be used to revaccinate gilts prior to breeding. As known in the art, a sow is a female pig that has never become pregnant. Vaccinated gilts will transmit maternally derived antibodies to their suckling pups through colostrum.
[00139] It is also contemplated that a monovalent or multivalent vaccine according to the invention can be used to annually revaccinate breeding herds. Preferably, a monovalent or multivalent vaccine according to the present invention is administered to pigs (eg piglets or sows) in one dose. In one embodiment, a multivalent vaccine in accordance with the present invention does not require mixing separate monovalent vaccines prior to administration, that is, it is provided in a ready-to-use formulation. In another embodiment, a multivalent formulation requires mixing a divalent vaccine contained in a first vial with a monovalent vaccine contained in a second vial. Optionally, additional antigens can be added to any of these vials.
[00140] In some embodiments, the onset of immunity is from 2-3 weeks after vaccination with a monovalent or multivalent vaccine composition according to the present invention. In other embodiments, the duration of immunity is approximately 17-23 weeks after vaccination with a monovalent or multivalent vaccine composition according to the present invention.
[00141] The following examples present preferred materials and procedures in accordance with the present invention. However, it should be understood that these examples are provided by way of illustration only, and nothing contained therein should be considered an imposed limitation on the overall scope of the invention. EXAMPLES Example 1: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae production methods for PCV2 antigen combinable with M. hyo Fermentation and inactivation of M. hyo
[00142]The media for scale production of seed and antigen were prepared as follows. Broth for organism of the pleuropneumonia type (PPLO) derived from porcine heart (BD Biosciences, catalog no. 21498) was prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions (ie, 21 g/L) and yeast extract solution was prepared to 21 g/L according to USP. The yeast extract solution was then added to the 6.25% PPLO and the mixture was sterilized by heating to 121°C for >30 minutes. Cysteine hydrochloride was prepared at 90 g/L and filter sterilized. Dextrose solution was prepared by adding 450 g of dextrose per liter of USP water followed by heat sterilization. To prepare the final medium, swine serum was added to 10% basic medium followed by 0.01% cysteine and 1.0% dextrose. The medium was inoculated to a log stage culture of M. hyopneumoniae (strain P-5722-3). The culture was maintained at 37°C and the pH and dO were maintained at 7.0 and 25%, respectively. In late log phase growth, the culture was inactivated by binary ethyleneimine (BEI), an aziridine compound produced from 2-bromoethylamine hydrobromide. Specifically, inactivation occurred by raising the pH to 7.8, adding 2-bromoethylamine hydrobromide (BEA) to a final concentration of 4 mM and incubating for 24 hours. BEI was neutralized by the addition of sodium thiosulfate at a molar ratio of 1:1, followed by an additional 24 hours of incubation. The liquid from the inactivated culture was kept at 2-8°C until further processing. Example 2: Porcine Circovirus (cPCV) Production Methods1-2
[00143] The cPCV1-2 was constructed by cloning the immunogenic gene of the pathogenic porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) capsid into the non-pathogenic porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) genomic framework. The procedure for constructing the chimeric DNA clone is described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 7,279,166, the contents of which are incorporated herein in its entirety by reference in this patent application. An infectious stock of chimeric virus was purchased from Dr. XJ Meng, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, and was used to infect porcine kidney (PK)-15 cells grown in Minimal Essential Medium (MEM) supplemented with hydrolyzate of 0.05% lactalbumin (LAH), gentamicin sulfate 30 μg/mL and 5% fetal bovine serum. The resulting PK-15 cells, infected with cPCV1-2, were further expanded by 4 more serial passages using the same growth medium, except with 2-3% fetal bovine serum. The fifth pass was frozen, thawed and filtered, and the resulting lysates were used to prepare a pre-mother seed and subsequent mother seed.
[00144]The medium that was used to produce the viral seeds was the same as that used to produce virus stock. For growth medium, MEM, OptiMEM or equivalent is the basal medium that can be used in seeding the PK-15 cell line for growth. The growth medium can be supplemented with bovine serum up to 10%, lactalbumin hydrolyzate up to 0.5%, bovine serum albumin up to 0.5% and gentamicin up to 30 μg/mL. For viral propagation medium, MEM, OptiMEM or equivalent is used. The viral propagation medium can be supplemented with lactalbumin hydrolyzate up to 0.5%, bovine serum up to 2%, bovine serum albumin up to 0.5% and gentamicin up to 30 μg/mL. Glucose up to 5 g/L and L-glutamine up to 5 mmol/L can be added to growth media and/or viral propagation media as needed to sustain the cells.
[00145] The cPCV1-2 virus from the mother seed is added to a cell suspension of PK-15 cells and adsorbed for up to 3 hours. Seed virus is diluted in basal growth medium to provide a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.1 - 0.0001.
PK-15 cell cultures are initially inoculated with working seed virus at the time the cells are seeded or when the cells reach approximately 20% to 50% confluence. This initial passage can be called the "One-Step Infection Method" for the production of antigen stockpile, or it can be further used for serial passages. For serial passage, cPCV1-2 infected PK-15 cells are further expanded to passage 7 by serial divisions in the ratio of 1:5-20 for virus propagation. Culture medium containing an infected cell suspension from the previous passage serves as seed material for the next passage. Cells infected with cPCV1-2 are incubated for three (3) to 14 days, for each passage, at 36 ± 2°C when cells reach >90% confluency. cPCV1-2 viruses cause noticeable cytopathic changes during viral replication. At harvest, cell rounding and a considerable number of floating residues are observed. Cultures were also observed for visual evidence of bacterial or fungal contamination. The incubation time between cPCV antigen collections is given in Table 1 below: Table 1 - Minimum and maximum time for cPCV antigen collection

[00147] Liquids from cultures of cPCV1-2 are collected in sterile vessels and samples from these are collected for mycoplasma testing using known methods. It is possible to conduct multiple collections from roller bottles, bioreactors and perfusion vessels.
[00148]Prior to inactivation of the harvested cPCV1-2 virus, one or more lots of antigens can be concentrated (eg up to 60X) by ultrafiltration. Concentrates can be washed with balanced salt solution to reduce serum proteins.
[00149]The method of inactivating, attenuating or detoxifying the cPCV1-2 virus will now be described. After the cPCV antigen is concentrated, betapropiolactone (BPL) is added to cPCV1-2 pooled viral material to obtain an approximate concentration of 0.2% v/v. The pooled viral fluids are then stirred for a minimum of 15 minutes and then the bulk inactivated antigen fluids are transferred to a second sterile vessel. The transferred antigenic liquids are kept at 2 - 7 °C, with constant agitation, for at least 24 hours. After at least 24 hours, a second addition of 0.2% v/v GLP is added to the pooled suspension. The contents are subsequently stirred, transferred to a third vessel and kept at 2 - 7 °C, with constant stirring, for an additional time of not less than 84 hours. In general, the total inactivation time is not less than 108 hours nor more than 120 hours. The inactivation method is summarized in Table 2 below. Table 2 - Inactivation method

[00150] The inactivation is terminated by the addition of a sodium thiosulfate solution to a final concentration of no more than 0.1 M. The pH of the inactivated antigen stock is adjusted to approximately 6.8 with NaOH or HCl. After inactivation, a representative sample is collected from the pool and tested upon completion of inactivation. The inactivated cPCV1-2 antigen product is standardized to satisfy a RP target greater than 1.0 as measured by potency ELISA. Example 3: Downstream processing of M. hyo antigens and analytical testing of these processed antigens Downstream processing of M. hyo antigens:
The inactivated fermentation liquid (prepared as described above in Example 1) was treated by each group indicated as follows. These M. hyo antigens were employed in Example 4 below.
[00152]T02: (Whole volume) Not processed.
[00153]T03: (10X concentrated UF) Concentrated via filtration with tangential flow through a membrane with molecular weight cutoff of 100 KDa (hollow fiber). The reduction in final volume was equivalent to 10X.
[00154]T04 and T05: (10X concentrated and centrifuged UF) Concentrated Mycoplasma cells (from T03) were collected and washed once with PBS via centrifugation at ~20,000 x g (Sorvall model RC5B).
[00155]T06 & T07: (10X centrifuged) The inactivated fermentation liquid was centrifuged at ~20,000 x g (Sorvall RC5B) and washed once, resuspending the cells in PBS, followed by an additional centrifugation. The reduction in final volume was equivalent to 10X.
[00156]T08: (10X centrifuged and heated) Mycoplasma cells were concentrated and washed according to T06 and heated to 65 °C for 10 minutes.
[00157]T09: (cell-free supernatant) The supernatant collected from the first centrifugation, as described for T06, was sterilized by filtration through a 0.2 micron filter (Nalgene).
[00158]T10: (cell-free supernatant, treated with Protein A) The sterile supernatant (prepared according to T09) was mixed with Protein A resin (Protein A Sepharose, Pharmacia Inc.) at a 10:1 volume ratio for 4 hours. The resin was removed by sterile filtration and the filtered liquid was stored at 2-8°C. This process employs “downstream” (downline) treatment with protein A after fermentation to remove antibodies and immune complexes. Although the present invention does not exclude upstream (upline) treatment with protein A, the present inventors found that, in the case of M. hyo, upstream treatment with protein A of the growth medium led to p46 results that were minor and inconsistent when compared to untreated medium (data not shown). Analytical Tests of Downline Processed M. hyo Antigens
Down-line processed M. hyo antigen preparations (prepared as described above) were treated for the recovery of the M. hyo specific p46 antigen and the presence of antibody against PCV2. Furthermore, these M. hyo antigen preparations were tested for the presence of Torque Teno virus (TTV), including genotype 1 (g1TTV) and genotype 2 (g2TTV). The results are shown below in Table 3. Table 3 Characterization of descending-line processed M. hyo antigens

[00160]Referring to Table 3 above, M. hyo specific p46 antigen recovery was demonstrated for each of the descending-processed M. hyo antigen preparations. Additionally, the following treatments successfully removed antibody to PCV2: 10X UF concentrated and centrifuged, 10X centrifuged, 10X centrifuged and warmed, and cell-free supernatant (treated with Protein A). With respect to TTV, the following treatments were able to remove g1TTV: 10X UF concentrated and centrifuged, 10x centrifuged and heated, and cell-free supernatant (treated with Protein A). Only the designated 10X UF concentrated and centrifuged treatment will remove the g2TTV. Torque teno virus isolates, including genotypes 1 and 2, are described in US20110150913, the contents of which are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference in this patent application.
[00161] It is known in the art that Protein A binds to IgG, therefore, any person skilled in the art understands that not only antibodies against PCV2, but other swine antibodies, including antibody against PRRS virus, antibody against HPS virus and antibody to SIV will be effectively removed by treatment with Protein A. This makes the Protein A-treated M. hyo cell-free supernatant of this invention compatible not only with PCV2 antigen, but also with other porcine antigens by absence of immunological interference between antigens. Additionally, removal of non-protective cell debris and removal of immunoglobulin and antigen/immunoglobulin complexes are reasonably expected to make the vaccine safer. Example 4: Preparation of experimental vaccine formulations against M. hyo
All experimental vaccines against M. hyo were formulated with Amphigen adjuvant at a final concentration of 5%. In addition, all vaccines were standardized with an ELISA test for p46 and preserved with thimerosol. Experimental vaccine formulations were prepared with M. hyo antigens processed according to treatments T02-T10 above. Additionally, Treatment T01 corresponded to a placebo (no M. hyo antigen, only Amphigen 5% adjuvant), while Treatment T11 was a positive control, corresponding to an expired bacterin-based vaccine against M. hyo (RespiSure -ONE®, Pfizer Animal Health). These formulations are described in Table 4 below. Table 4 - Experimental vaccine formulations against M. hyo - RESEARCH VETERINARY PRODUCT (IVP) series

*Research Veterinary Product Series (IVP) Example 5: Evaluation of the in vivo efficacy of M. hyo vaccines with M. hyo antigens from different downstream (end) processes
This study was conducted to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M hyo) vaccines with M hyo antigens from different downstream processes (DSP). 3-week-old pigs were inoculated intramuscularly with a single dose of the different vaccine formulations described in Table 4 above. Sixteen animals were included in each of the treatment groups. Animals were challenged 21 days after vaccination with a virulent M. hyo isolate in the field. The animals were sacrificed 28 days after the challenge and, at necropsy, the lungs were removed and classified for consolidation compatible with M. hyo infection. The primary criterion for protection from M. hyo challenge was pulmonary consolidation scores. It is generally accepted that there is a relationship between the size of lung lesions caused by enzootic pneumonia and an adverse effect on growth rate. Table 5 below contains the lung injury scores for the respective treatment groups. Statistical significance was determined by a mixed model analysis of lung scores for each group. Table 5 - Lung injury results

[00164]Referring to Table 5 above, the results with M. hyo antigens from different downstream processes indicated that all experimental vaccines except T04 differed significantly from placebo. These M. hyo lesion results are graphically depicted in Figure 1. As shown in Figure 1, T04 provided unacceptable results. All other treatments differed significantly from placebo (T01). Lung consolidation scores indicated that T02, T03, and T09-T11 provided the most effective protection against M. hyo challenge.
The relative potency of p46 of the experimental vaccines was evaluated using a double sandwich antibody enzyme immunoassay (DAS ELISA). The results for p46 in the DAS ELISA assay shown in Table 5 above indicate that all experimental vaccines exceeded target potency. Furthermore, the relative potency of p46 was maintained or increased during storage of the vaccines for a period of one month (data not shown). A perceived increase in potency over time was observed in centrifuged antigens with the exception of those antigens that were subjected to heat. While not intending to be bound by any theory, it is likely that cell “carcasses” decompose over time and have released more of the membrane-bound p46 antigen in the case of the centrifuged antigens. Example 6: Assessing the compatibility of experimental M. hyo vaccines with PCV2 antigen
[00166]This study was conducted to evaluate the compatibility of experimental vaccines against M. hyo, containing M hyo antigens from different downstream processes, with PCV2 antigen. Experimental vaccine formulations against M. hyo are described in Tables 4 and 5 above. The observed relative potencies of p46 for these vaccines are described in Table 5 above. These experimental M. hyo vaccines were individually combined with PCV2 antigen. In this example, the PCV2 antigen was a PCV virus Type 1- Type 2 killed chimeric virus (Fostera PCV) prepared as described above in Example 2. The chimeric virus was included in the compositions at an initial level of approximately 1.6 < RP, where RP is the unit of Relative Potency determined by ELISA quantification of PCV2 antigen (in vitro potency test) when compared to an effective reference vaccine.
[00167] Experimental combined formulations against M. hyo/PCV2 were evaluated by ELISA for PCV2. The results are shown in Figure 2. As shown in Figure 2, only the M. hyo antigen preparations from the following downstream processes were compatible with the PCV2 antigen: Ultrafiltration and Centrifugation (T04 and T05), Centrifugation (T06 and T07), Centrifugation plus heat (T08) and Supernatant treated with Protein A (T10). Of these, the Protein A-treated M. hyo supernatant was the most compatible with the PCV2 antigen when compared to the placebo control, which included the Amphigen adjuvant but no M. hyo antigen. The level of chimeric PCV virus in the Protein A-treated supernatant was 1.5 PR compared to 1.69 PR in placebo. It is therefore concluded that there is no or minimal immunological interference between the soluble M. hyo antigen preparation treated with Protein A and the chimeric virus PCV2 antigen.
The in vivo efficacy of the Protein A treated M. hyo supernatant, demonstrated in Example 5 above, together with the results described in the present example indicated that the Protein A treated supernatant was a potentially effective platform for combinations against M. hyo-PCV2. Example 7: Evaluation of PCV2 efficacy of a combined PCV2/M vaccine. hyo in a bottle with different adjuvant formulations
This study was designed to assess the efficacy against PCV2 of a combined vaccine against PCV2/M. hyo in a vial with different adjuvant formulations. In this example, the PCV2 antigen was a dead chimeric Type 1-Type 2 PCV virus (Fostera PCV). The chimeric virus was combined with a soluble M. hyo antigen preparation that was substantially free of IgG (ie, Protein A treated supernatant). Liquid processing:
[00170] Inactive M. hyo fermentation liquid (described above in Example 1) was treated for each group indicated as follows.
[00171]T02-T04: Whole fermentation liquid containing live M. hyopneumoniae cells (described above) was centrifuged at ~20,000 x g (Sorvall RC5B) and the supernatant collected and sterilized through a 0.2 µM filter. rProtein A Sepharose (part number: 17-5199-03, GE Healthcare) was packed into a 1L chromatography column. After removal of storage buffer and treatment with 2 column volumes of 1M acetic acid, the resin was equilibrated with 5 column volumes of 50 mM NaP04/1M NaCl buffer, pH 7.04. Approximately 2 liters of the clarified/filtered liquids, containing M. hyopneumoniae antigen, were passed through the Protein A resin at a flow rate of 100 cm/h. The throughflow was collected and sterilized through a 0.2 µM filter.
[00172]T05: This is a positive control, corresponding to a Fostera PCV-like formulation (without M. hyo antigen). The level of the chimeric virus in this Fostera PCV-like formulation was approximately at levels of the Minimum Immunizing Dose (MID) formulation. The chimeric virus was included in the experimental vaccines against PCV2/M. hyo at similar levels of formulation.
[00173] All experimental vaccines against PCV2/M. hyo were formulated with different formulations of adjuvants. Experimental vaccine formulations were prepared with M. hyo antigens processed according to treatments T02-T04 above. In addition, Treatment T01 corresponded to a placebo (sterile saline solution).
All vaccines were standardized with an ELISA for p46 and preserved with thimerosol. These experimental formulations are described in Table 6 below, where the symbol * indicates the M hyo antigen from the Protein A treated supernatant of the global M hyo seed, and the symbol ** indicates the Research Veterinary Product (IVP) series . Table 6 - Experimental vaccine formulations against PCV2/M. hyo used for the PCV2 efficacy study


3 week old pigs were inoculated intramuscularly with a single dose of the different vaccine formulations described in Table 6 above. Sixteen animals were included in each of the treatment groups. Animals were challenged 21 days after vaccination with a virulent PCV2 isolate in the field.
[00176] Figure 3 is a graph showing the results of PCV2 viremia (quantitative PCR for PCV2) observed with the different adjuvant platforms. Note that PCV2 viremia was used as the primary efficacy variable. Viremia results from PCV2 viremia are presented as DNA copies/mL. As shown in Figure 3, all treatments had significantly lower viremia when compared to placebo on Days 28, 35 and 42 (the challenge was on Day 21). Adjuvant oil SP 10% SP had significantly lower viremia when compared to Amphigen 5% on Days 28 and 35. Adjuvant Amphigen 5% plus SLCD 5% had significantly lower viremia when compared to Amphigen 5% on Days 28 and 35. Adjuvant SLCD 20% platform had significantly lower viremia when compared to Amphigen 5% on Days 28 , 35 and 42.
[00177] Serology for PCV2, PCV2 release in feces, nasal PCV2 release, cell-mediated immune responses (CMI), lymphoid depletion and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were also monitored as secondary efficacy variables. These results will be described below.
Figure 4 is a graph showing the results of the PCV2 ELISA on Days 1, 20 and 42 of the study (the challenge was on Day 21). The status of each sample was expressed as a sample-to-positive (S/P) ratio. As shown in Figure 4, SLCD 20% was the only treatment that was significantly different from placebo (T01) on Day 20 and Day 42. In addition, Amphigen 5% was the only treatment that was not significantly different from placebo on Day 20 .
[00179] Figure 5 is a graph showing PCV2 release in faeces obtained with treatments T02-T04 compared to placebo (T01). These results are expressed in PCV2/mL DNA copies. The results in Figure 5 indicate that all treatments had significantly lower stool release compared to placebo on Day 42. Additionally, Amphigen 5% and SLCD 5% (T04) had significantly lower stool release compared to Amphigen 5% (T03 ) on Day 42. No other differences were noted between treatments.
[00180] Figure 6 is a graph showing the nasal release of PCV2 achieved with treatments T02-T04 compared to placebo (T01). These results are expressed in PCV2/mL DNA copies. The results in Figure 6 indicate that all treatments had significantly lower nasal clearance when compared to placebo on Day 42. In addition, SLCD 20% (T05) had significantly lower nasal clearance when compared to Amphigen 5% (T03) on Day 42. No other differences between treatments were noted.
[00181] Figure 7 (A and B) shows two graphs of the results of an interferon-gamma (IFN-Y) test that measures cell-mediated immune responses (CMI) specific for PCV2. CMI results are shown post-vaccination/before-challenge (Figure 7A) and post-vaccination/post-challenge (Figure 7B). In these graphs, the stimulation of 5 x 106 cells was considered significant (...). All experimental vaccines against PCV2/M. hyo provided a detectable IFN-y response after vaccination. The 10% SP oil (T02) promoted the strongest IFN-y response after vaccination. The 20% SLCD (T05) induced an early response, but the lowest response on Day 20. There was a large post-challenge response, seen especially in the placebo group. Additionally, the post-challenge response was lower in the treatment groups of vaccinated pigs compared to the placebo group.
[00182] Table 7 below shows the lymphoid depletion obtained with the experimental treatments compared to placebo. Table 7 - Histopathology by PCV2 (Lymphoid Depletion)

[00183] The results presented in Table 7 above show that all vaccines conferred strong protection against lymphoid depletion. Furthermore, no statistically significant contrasts were observed between treatments with vaccines. Table 8 below shows the immunohistochemistry obtained with experimental treatments in contrast to placebo. Table 8 - Histopathology by PCV2 (Immunohistochemistry)

[00184] The results presented in Table 8 above show that all vaccines conferred strong protection against PCV2 colonization, as evidenced by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, no statistically significant contrasts were observed between vaccine treatments.
In conclusion, the results presented in this example demonstrate that the M. hyon soluble antigen preparation does not interfere with the efficacy against PCV2. The results also reveal that all experimental vaccine formulations against PCV/M. hyo provide efficacy against PCV2 challenge. Additionally, the results indicate that there are some statistical and numerical differences obtained with the different formulations of adjuvants, with the 10% SP oil producing the strongest efficacy. Example 8: Evaluation of the efficacy against M. hyo of a combined vaccine against PCV2/M. hyo in a bottle with different adjuvant formulations
[00186]This study was designed to assess the efficacy against M. hyo of a combined vaccine against PCV2/M. hyo in a vial with different adjuvant formulations. The M. hyo antigen was combined with porcine circovirus (Chimera Type 1-Type 2 or killed PCV1-2 virus) in a vial. Liquid processing:
The inactivated M. hyo fermentation liquid (described above in Example 1) was treated to the indicated group as follows.
[00188]T02-T04: These treatments were the same as those described for treatment groups T02-T04 in Example 7 above.
[00189]T05: This was formulated with inactivated M. hyo cells (M. hyo bacterin) as described in Example 1 above under the heading "Fermentation and inactivation".
[00190]All experimental vaccines against PCV2/M. hyo were formulated with different formulations of adjuvants. The experimental vaccine formulations were prepared with M. hyo antigens processed according to treatments T02-T04. In addition, Treatment T01 corresponded to a placebo (sterile saline solution). Treatment T05 is a positive control corresponding to an expired RespiSure® vaccine, which is a vaccine based on M. hyo bacterin (Pfizer Animal Health).
[00191] These experimental formulations are described in Table 9 below, where the symbol * indicates the M hyo antigen from the supernatant treated with Protein A from the global seed of M hyo and the symbol ** indicates the Veterinary Research Product series ( IVP). Table 9 - Experimental vaccine formulations against PCV2/M. hyo used for the study of efficacy against M. hyo in different adjuvant formulations

[00192] 3-week-old pigs were inoculated intramuscularly with a single dose of the different formulations described in Table 9 above. Fourteen animals were included in the placebo and SP 10% SP oil groups, thirteen animals were included in the positive control group, and sixteen were included in the Amphigen 5% and Amphigen 5% + SLCD 5% group.
[00193] Animals were challenged 21 days after vaccination with a virulent M. hyo isolate in the field. The animals were sacrificed 28 days after the challenge and, at necropsy, the lungs were removed and scored for consolidation compatible with M. hyo infection. Table 10 below contains the lung injury scores for the respective treatment groups. Statistical difference was determined by a Mixed Model Analysis of lung scores for each group. Table 10 - Lung lesions caused by M. Hyo

[00194] As indicated in Table 10 above, the placebo group had a mean lung injury score of 13.1% when compared to the oil SP 10% SP and Amphigen 5% treatment groups, which had mean scores of lung injury of 4.3% and 4.7%, respectively. The two formulations, oil SP 10% and Amphigen 5%, reduced and/or prevented lung injuries. Thus, experimental vaccines against PCV/M. hyo formulated with SP 10% SP oil or Amphigen 5% were found to be effective. The PCV2 antigen did not appear to interfere with the M. hyo efficacy of these formulations.
[00195] In contrast, the Amphigen 5% + SLCD 5% group had a mean lung injury score of 12.0%, a result that was unacceptable in the sense that it was no different when compared to placebo. Consequently, the experimental vaccine against PCV/M. hyo formulated with Amphigen 5% + SLCD 5% was not found to be effective.
[00196] Note that, in view of the small number of animals and the high variability in lung injury scores, no statistical treatment effect could be conclusively demonstrated in this study. For this reason, it was decided that another study would be designed to test the efficacy against M. hyo of the experimental formulations against PCV/M. hyo in 10% SP oil. This repeated study is presented in Example 9 below. Example 9: Evaluation of the efficacy against M. hyo of a combined vaccine against PCV2/M. hyo in a bottle in 10% SP oil
[00197]This study is a proof-of-concept study designed to assess the efficacy against the M. hyo fraction of four experimental vaccines against PCV2/M. hyo (Series L0711RK11, L0711RK12, L0711RK13 and L0711RK14 in Table 11 below), prepared by different manufacturing processes with M. hyo that use Protein A for IgG removal, compared to control vaccines prepared with the standard manufacturing process with M. hyo. hyo. Each of these four experimental vaccines against PCV2/M. hyoincluded 10% SP oil as the adjuvant. Liquid processing:
[00198]T02: Inactivated M. hyopneumoniae antigen as described under "Fermentation and inactivation" in Example 1 above.
[00199]T03 and T04: Formulated with inactivated M. hyopneumoniae cells as described under "Fermentation and inactivation" in Example 1 above.
[00200]T05: Treatment with Protein A of the medium used to cultivate M. hyopneumoniae. PPLO (derived from porcine heart) was prepared according to the manufacturer's guidelines (ie 21 g/L) and yeast extract solution was produced at 21 g/L in USP. The yeast extract solution was added to the 6.25% PPLO and the mixture was sterilized by heating to 121 °C for > 30 minutes. Cysteine hydrochloride was prepared at 90 g/L and filter sterilized. Dextrose solution was prepared by adding 450 g of dextrose per liter of USP water followed by heat sterilization. To prepare the final medium, swine serum was added to 10% basic medium, followed by 0.01 cysteine and 1.0% dextrose. Antibodies in complete PPLO medium were removed by treatment with Protein A. Briefly, one liter of rProtein A Sepharose (part number: 17-5199-03 GE Healthcare) was packed in a glass column (10 x 11.5 cm) . After removal of the storage buffer, the column was treated with 2 column volumes of 1M acetic acid. The resin was equilibrated with 5 column volumes of 50 mM NaP04, 1M NaCl buffer (pH 7.0). Fifteen liters of complete PPLO medium were loaded onto the resin at a linear flow rate of 140 cm/hour. Column flow was collected and sterilized by filtration through a 0.2 micron filter (Sartorius). The treated medium was used to propagate M. hyopneumoniae cells as described under "Fermentation and inactivation" above. The whole inactivated culture (including cells) was formulated into the final vaccine.
[00201]T06: Inactivated M. hyopneumoniae cells were prepared as described below under "Fermentation and inactivation" in Example 1 above. The inactivated fermentation liquid was centrifuged at ~20,000 x g (Sorvall RC5B) for 30 minutes and the supernatant was filter sterilized through 0.2 µM. One hundred and fifteen mL of rProtein A resin (part number: 12-1279-04, MAbSelect, GE Healthcare) was packed into a chromatography column (5x6 cm). After removal of storage buffer and treatment with 2 column volumes of 1M acetic acid, the resin was equilibrated with 5 column volumes of 50 mM NaP04/1M NaCl buffer, pH 7.01. Approximately 1.2 liters of the clarified/filtered liquids containing M. hyopneumoniae antigen were passed through the resin at a flow rate of 120 cm/h. The throughflow was collected and sterilized by filtration through 0.2 µM.
[00202]T07: Inactivated M. hyopneumoniae cells were prepared as described below under "Fermentation and inactivation" in Example 1 above. The inactivated fermentation liquid was clarified by tangential flow filtration. Briefly, a polyether sulfone filter (GE HealthCare, part number: 564102-71) with a nominal pore size of 0.2 µM was sanitized with 0.5N sodium hydroxide solution, followed by intense rinsing with sterile USP water. The liquid from the inactivated mycoplasma culture was introduced into the device at a targeted recirculation rate of 14.6L/minute and a transmembrane pressure of 23.4 PSI. Clarification was carried out at room temperature. Filter permeate was collected and stored at 2-8°C until further processing. One hundred and fifteen mL of rProtein A resin (part number: 12-1279-04, MAbSelect, GE Healthcare) was packed into a chromatography column (5x6 cm). After removal of storage buffer and treatment with 2 column volumes of 1M acetic acid, the resin was equilibrated with 5 column volumes of 50 mM NaP04/1M NaCl buffer, pH 7.01. Approximately 2.3 liters of the clarified/filtered liquids containing M. hyopneumoniae antigen were passed through the resin at a flow rate of 120 cm/h. The throughflow was collected and sterilized by filtration through 0.2 µM.
[00203]T08: Inactivated M. hyopneumoniae cells were prepared as described below under "Fermentation and inactivation" in Example 1 above. The inactivated fermentation liquid was centrifuged at ~20,000 x g (Sorvall 10 RC5B) for 30 minutes and the supernatant was filter sterilized through 0.2 µM. One hundred and fifteen mL of rProtein A Sepharose (part number: 17-5199-03 GE Healthcare) was packed into a chromatography column (5x6 cm). After removal of storage buffer and treatment with 2 column volumes of 1M acetic acid, the resin was equilibrated with 5 column volumes of 50 mM NaP04/1M NaCl buffer, pH 7.01. Approximately 1.2 liters of the clarified/filtered liquids containing M. hyopneumoniae antigen were passed through the resin at a flow rate of 120 cm/h. The throughflow was collected and sterilized by filtration through 0.2 µM.
[00204] Experimental vaccine formulations were prepared with M. hyo antigens processed according to treatments T02-T08 above. T02, T03 and T04 corresponded to positive controls. In addition, Treatment T01 corresponded to a placebo (sterile saline solution).
[00205] These experimental formulations are described in Table 11 below. The M. hyo antigen corresponds to the M. hyo antigen from the Protein A-treated supernatant of the M. hyo world seed. Information in the column "Treatment with Protein A" indicates whether the M. hyo supernatant was treated with Protein A before or after fermentation. Table 11 - Experimental vaccine formulations against PCV2/M. hyo used for efficacy study against M. hyo in SP oil adjuvant

3-week-old pigs were inoculated intramuscularly with a single dose of the different vaccine formulations described in Table 11 above. 18 were included in each treatment group. Animals were challenged 21 days after vaccination with a virulent M. hyo isolate in the field. The animals were sacrificed 28 days after the challenge and, at necropsy, the lungs were removed and scored for consolidation compatible with M. hyo infection. Figure 8 (A and B) shows the lung injury scores for the respective treatment groups. Statistical significance was determined by a Mixed Model Analysis of lung scores for each group.
The lung injury results depicted in Figures 8A and 8B indicate that of all treatments, only two (T07 and T08) had 100% of the pigs in the <5% lung injury category. Note that a strong statistical difference was observed in this study.
The results in the present example demonstrate significant efficacy against M. hyo of an experimental formulation against PCV2/M. hyo using the M. hyo supernatant treated with Protein A and using SP oil as the adjuvant. Additionally, Example 7 above demonstrated efficacy against PCV2 of a formulation against PCV2/M. hyo in a vial, using the M. hyo supernatant treated with Protein A and using SP oil as the adjuvant. Taken together, efficacy against M. hyo and against PCV2 was demonstrated in the combinations against PCV2/M. hyo in a vial employing M. hyo supernatant treated with Protein A. Example 10: In vivo safety of experimental vaccines against PCV2/M. hyo
[00209] This study was conducted to assess the in vivo safety of experimental vaccines against PCV2-M. hyo formulated at the maximum antigenic dose in various adjuvant formulations in the host animal when given at the youngest age (3 weeks of age). Different adjuvant platforms were evaluated to determine which of these platforms provided an acceptable safety profile based on temperature, injection site reactions and clinical observations. A 20% SLCD/10% SP oil formulation was used as a positive ("unsafe") control because of historical issues related to injection site reactions observed by this research group and others. Liquid processing:
All vaccines were prepared with inactivated M. hyopneumoniae antigen as described below under "Fermentation and inactivation" in Example 1. The entire volume of M. hyo antigen was used as it was known to contain soluble and insoluble antigens of M. hyo, in addition to the immunoglobulins and immune complexes that would be removed upon treatment with protein A. It is reasonable to conclude that the removal of insoluble cellular debris and immunoglobulins and immune complexes will only further enhance the safety of vaccine formulations. The intent of this study was to rigorously test the safety of various adjuvant formulations containing PCV2 antigen and M. hyo antigen. PCV2 and M. hyo antigens were formulated at maximum release levels to further assess safety. These experimental formulations are described in Table 12 below. IVP indicates Research Veterinary Product (IVP). Table 12 - Experimental vaccine formulations against PCV2/M. hyo used for the safety study

[00211] The safety parameters used in this study were rectal temperature profile and injection site reaction. The results of this study indicated that all candidate adjuvant platforms provided an acceptable safety profile in terms of rectal temperature profile and clinical observations (data not shown). Only the SLCD 20% SLCD + SP 10% oil adjuvant (ie, positive control) was significantly different from the placebo vaccine and had a number of serious injection site reactions (results not shown). Example 11: Preparation of M. hyo antigen treated with protein A for main studies
[00212] Figure 9 is a flowchart showing one embodiment of a manufacturing process used to prepare PCV2-compatible protein A treated M. hyo antigen. Inactivated whole cultures of M. hyo were clarified from cells by tangential flow filtration. Briefly, a polyether sulfone filter (GE Healthcare, part number: 56-4102-49) with a nominal pore size of 0.45 µM was sanitized with 0.5N sodium hydroxide solution, followed by thorough rinsing with sterile water USP. The liquid from the inactivated mycoplasma culture was introduced into the instrument at a targeted recirculation rate of 11.0 L/minute and transmembrane pressure of ~5 PSI. Clarification was carried out at room temperature. Filter permeate was collected and stored at 2-8°C until further processing.
[00213] After clarification, antigen-containing liquids were treated with protein A resin to reduce antibody levels. Briefly, MAbSelect protein resin (GE Healthcare) was packed in a glass column to a height of 12 cm. The resin was equilibrated with 5 column volumes of 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, 250 mM NaCl (pH 7.0). Antigen-containing liquid, equivalent to 10 column volumes, was loaded onto the resin at a linear flow rate of 100 cm/hour. The flow through the column was collected, collected and sterilized by filtration through a 0.2 micron filter. The column was regenerated with the flow of 3 column volumes of 25 mM acetate solution at pH 3.7, followed by 4 column volumes of 1M acetic acid solution. Anti-PCV2 antibody and M. hyopneumoniae antigen levels were measured in the final antigenic fluid by ELISA for specific antibody against PCV2 and p46 antigen quantification by ELISA, respectively. Example 12: Assessment of virucidal activity against PRRS virus
[00214] The studies presented in this example were designed to evaluate the various adjuvant platforms for virucidal activity against PRRS virus. Initial experiments focused on adjuvant only (ie, the formulations did not contain PCV or M. hyo antigens). The adjuvant evaluation for PRRS virucidal activity is shown in Figure 10. The preliminary virucidal evaluation indicated that SP 10% oil, Carbopol 0.2% and Amphigen 2.5% are not virucidal for PRRS virus. In contrast, the 20% SLCD adjuvant appeared to be virucidal for PRRS virus.
[00215] Additional studies were carried out to assess whether the formulations against PCV/M. hyo containing the different adjuvant platforms were non-virucidal for PRRS virus. These results are shown in Table 13, where the * symbol indicates those series of vaccines that were virucidated for PRRSV. Table 13 - Results of the virucidal assay for PRRS with different formulations


[00216] The results presented in Table 13 above indicate that 10% SP oil is not virucidal for PRRS virus.
[00217]Additional series of vaccine against PCV/M. hyo were prepared using SP 10% SP oil as the adjuvant (Table 14). The antigenic potency of these vaccine series was compared to a Reference vaccine series against PCV/M. hyo (L1211RK15) which contained 0.688% of a 20X PCV2 antigen concentrate (prepared as described in Example 2); and 9.40% M. hyo antigen prepared as described in Example 11. The results shown in Table 14 below further indicate that 10% SP oil is non-virucidal for PRRS virus. The test sample values in Table 14 were all higher (+ sign) than the virucidal assay control, whose geometric mean titer (GMT) was approximately 5.9 ± 0.5 log/mL. Table 14 - Results of the virucidal test with different formulations against PCV/M. hyo with 10% SP oil adjuvant
Virucidal Assay Control GMT GMT ~ 5.9 + 0.5 log/mL
[00218] The results presented in this example demonstrate that 10% SP oil is not virucidal for the PRRS virus. The results presented in this example demonstrate even more than the formulation against PCV/M. hyo with the 10% SP oil adjuvant was among the vaccine series that were considered non-virucidal for PRRS virus (Table 13 and Table 14). In conclusion, the formulation against PCV/M. hyo with the SP 10% SP oil adjuvant was found to be an effective platform on which to base a trivalent combination including PCV, M. hyo and the PRRS virus. Example 13: Preparation of a combined vaccine against PCV/M. hyo/PRRS
[00219] A formulation against PCV/M. hyo, with an adjuvant platform that is not virucidal for PRRS virus (see Tables 13 and 14 above), is supplied as a ready-to-use liquid composition in a vial. This formulation against PCV/M. hyo in a vial employs supernatant from M. hyo treated with protein A. Efficacy against M. hyo and against PCV2 has been demonstrated in such formulations against PCV2/M. hyo employing protein A treated M. hyo supernatant (see Examples 7-9). In the present example, this formulation is divalent against PCV2/M. hyoé combined with a monovalent PRRS virus antigen.
[00220]In one modality, a combination against PCV/M. hyo in oil SP 10% SP and corresponding to one of the L0711RK11, L0711RK12, L0711RK13 and L0711RK14 vaccine series in Table 11 above is supplied as a ready-to-use liquid composition in a vial.
[00221] The results presented in Example 12 above demonstrated that 10% SP oil is not virucidal for PRRS virus. Example 12 also demonstrated that formulations against PCV2/M. hyo with the adjuvant oil SP 10% SP were among those vaccine series that were considered non-virucidal for PRRS virus. In the present example, such a liquid composition against PCV2/M. hyo in one vial is used to rehydrate a lyophilized composition of genetically modified live PRRS syndrome virus contained in a second vial such that all antigens are contained in a single composition vial before being administered to an age-appropriate pig ( eg 3 weeks or older).
[00222] In one embodiment, the PRRS virus has the genomic sequence corresponding to SEQ ID NO: 16 or a variant thereof. In another embodiment, the PRRS virus employed in the trivalent composition is the PRRS virus isolate designated ISU-55, which has been deposited with the ATCC under accession number VR 2430. Suitable amounts of the respective antigens are described in this patent application. Desirably, all antigens are administered in a single dose to the pig.

权利要求:
Claims (14)
[0001]
1. Immunogenic composition CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises a soluble portion of a total cell preparation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo), alone or in combination with at least one additional antigen, wherein the soluble portion of the M. hyo preparation comprises soluble protein antigens specific for M. hyo and is separated from insoluble cellular material and substantially free of both IgG and antigen/immunoglobulin immune complexes, and wherein the at least one additional antigen is protective against a microorganism that can cause disease in pigs, in which the microorganism is selected from the group consisting of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine parvovirus (PPV), Haemophilus parasuis, Pasteurella multocida, Streptococcum suis, Staphylococcus hyicus, Actinobacilllus pleuropneumoniae, Borisedetella bronchuis , Salmonella enteritidis, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Mycoplama hyorhinis, Mycoplasma hyosynoviae, bacteria of the genus Leptospira, Lawsonia intracellularis, swine flu virus (SIV), Escherichia coli antigen, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, swine respiratory coronavirus, swine epidemic diarrhea virus (PED), rotavirus, Torque teno virus (TTV), swine cytomegalovirus, enterovirus swine, encephalomyocarditis virus, a pathogen causing Aujesky's disease, classical swine fever (CSF) and a pathogen causing transmissible porcine gastroenteritis, or combinations thereof.
[0002]
2. Composition according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the soluble portion was treated with protein A or protein G before being added to the immunogenic composition.
[0003]
3. Composition according to claim 2, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the soluble portion was treated with protein A before being added to the immunogenic composition.
[0004]
4. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the composition further comprises an adjuvant.
[0005]
5. Composition, according to claim 4, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the adjuvant is selected from the group consisting of an oil-in-water adjuvant, a polymer and water adjuvant, a water-in-oil adjuvant, an aluminum hydroxide adjuvant, a vitamin E adjuvant and combinations thereof.
[0006]
6. Use of a composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it is for the manufacture of a drug to induce a protective immune response against M. hyo, in which the drug is formulated to be administered in a single dose and, if present, a protective immune response against at least one additional microorganism that can cause disease in pigs, where the drug is formulated to be administered in a single dose.
[0007]
7. Use of a composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it is for the manufacture of a drug to immunize a swine against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo).
[0008]
8. Use, according to claim 7, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the drug is formulated to be administered in a single dose.
[0009]
9. Use, according to claim 7 or 8, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the drug is formulated to be administered in pigs that have maternally derived antibodies against M. hyo.
[0010]
10. Use according to any one of claims 7 to 9, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the drug is formulated to be administered to pigs 3 weeks of age or older.
[0011]
11. Vaccine composition CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises an immunogenic composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0012]
12. Use of a vaccine composition as defined in claim 11, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it is for the manufacture of a drug to protect pigs against enzootic pneumonia.
[0013]
13. Kit CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises: a vial comprising an immunogenic or vaccine composition including the soluble portion of a whole cell preparation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo), wherein the soluble portion of the M. hyo preparation comprises antigens of soluble protein specific for M. hyo and is separated from insoluble cellular material and substantially free of both IgG and antigen/immunoglobulin immune complexes as defined in any one of claims 1 to 12, and optionally further includes an instruction manual containing information for administration of the immunogenic composition.
[0014]
14. Method for preparing an immunogenic or vaccine composition, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 12, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the method comprises: i) cultivating M. hyo in a suitable medium for periods ranging from 18144 hours; ii) subsequently inactivating the M. hyo culture; iii) collecting the inactivated culture fluid, wherein the inactivated culture fluid comprises a whole cell preparation of M. hyo comprising both a soluble liquid fraction and an insoluble cell material, wherein the soluble liquid fraction comprises M-specific soluble protein antigens .hyo; iv) separating the soluble liquid fraction from the insoluble cellular material; and v) substantially removing IgG and antigen/immunoglobulin immune complexes from the separated liquid soluble fraction.

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CN110302368A|2013-11-21|2019-10-08|财团法人农业科技研究院|The composition for preventing and treating mycoplasm hyopneumoniae infection|

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BR102014014727B1|2014-06-16|2018-04-03|Ouro Fino Saúde Animal Ltda|M. hyopneumoniae IMMUNOGENIC POLYPROTEINS COMPLEX, SYNTHETIC CODING SYNTHESIS OF M. hyopneumoniae IMPROGENIC POLYPROTEINS, ANTIGENIC COMPOSITION, PROCESS OF MAKING A MYPNEUMONY POLYPROTEIN COMPLEX|

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CN104324370B|2014-09-30|2019-12-20|普莱柯生物工程股份有限公司|Vaccine composition, preparation method and application thereof|

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MX2018008415A|2016-01-07|2018-12-10|Univ Gent|Vaccine strains of brachyspira hyodysenteriae.|

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CN106497850B|2016-12-20|2019-10-29|天津瑞普生物技术股份有限公司|A method of purifying mycoplasma hyopneumoniae|

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BR112019012504A2|2016-12-23|2019-11-19|Intervet Int Bv|pig combination vaccine|

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TW202113064A|2019-06-10|2021-04-01|美商益農美國公司|Mycoplasma media formulations|

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WO2021018806A1|2019-07-26|2021-02-04|Ceva Sante Animale|Igg-depleted porcine serum and the uses thereof|

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WO2022020593A2|2020-07-24|2022-01-27|Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc.|Combination porcine vaccine|

法律状态:
2017-08-29| B25A| Requested transfer of rights approved|Owner name: ZOETIS SERVICES LLC (US) |

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2017-09-12| B25G| Requested change of headquarter approved|Owner name: ZOETIS SERVICES LLC (US) |

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2018-01-23| B07D| Technical examination (opinion) related to article 229 of industrial property law [chapter 7.4 patent gazette]|

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2018-03-27| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|

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2019-04-24| B07G| Grant request does not fulfill article 229-c lpi (prior consent of anvisa) [chapter 7.7 patent gazette]|Free format text: NOTIFICACAO DE DEVOLUCAO DO PEDIDO POR NAO SE ENQUADRAR NO ART. 229-C DA LPI. |

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2019-09-17| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|

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2021-01-05| B07A| Application suspended after technical examination (opinion) [chapter 7.1 patent gazette]|

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2021-05-11| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

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2021-06-01| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 03/04/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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US201261620165P| true| 2012-04-04|2012-04-04|

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US61/620.165|2012-04-04|

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PCT/US2013/035083|WO2013152081A1|2012-04-04|2013-04-03|Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine|

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